Male cystitis is an infectious or non-infectious disease characterized by an inflammatory process of the bladder mucosa. Statistically, women are more prone to cystitis, but sometimes men also have to experience all the "glamour" of this pathology.
Because of the peculiarity of the structure of the urethra, sexually strong women rarely suffer from this disease, much longer than women, so it is very difficult for bacteria to infect the bladder. And even if the bacteria penetrate the urethra, they cannot travel further along the urethra, and usually they flush out of the urethra completely with the flow of urine.
Therefore, representatives of the stronger sex may experience this condition only in a few cases:
- if their immunity is severely weakened;
- If the infection has penetrated heavily into the urethra.
reason
Doctors talk about the two main forms of the disease in men - acute and chronic. The acute form is characterized by the severity of clinical symptoms, with chronic cystitis in men that can persist for years with mild symptoms and periodic exacerbations.
A variety of factors can cause the disease:
- kidney and ureteral infections;
- Chronic infection foci in vivo;
- Genital infections;
- radiation exposure;
- Presence of prostatitis or urethritis;
- septicemia;
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis enters the bladder;
- Allergic reaction.
The main trigger for the development of cystitis is hypothermia, during which the disease can occur in people with weakened immunity. In addition, men with conditions such as prostate adenoma or cancer of this organ often experience cystitis.
As for the causative agent of acute cystitis, it is mainly Proteus, but pathology can also occur due to exposure to coca, E. coli and other bacterial infections.
Variety
As mentioned above, male cystitis is divided into acute and chronic. But these two main types of pathology also have their own variants. Therefore, acute cystitis can be:
- single;
- rare;
- frequently.
When they say the disease occurs rarely, they mean 1 or less frequency per year, and when they say it occurs frequently, assume 2 or more per year.
As for chronic cystitis, it also comes in several varieties:
- Incubation period, that is, no severe symptoms or no symptoms at all, but there is still a period of exacerbation that occurs once to several times a year;
- persistent, in which signs of disease appear 2-3 times a year;
- Interstitial, characterized by periodic exacerbations (more than 3 times a year) and the presence of pain, as well as general symptoms (weakness, fever, etc. ).
Interstitial cystitis is the most severe form of this pathology and is more difficult to treat than other forms of the disease.
It should be said that when the pathology is divided into acute and chronic cystitis, the main criterion is not the number of exacerbations per year, but the changes that occur in the mucosa of the affected organs. Especially in chronic pathology, the mucous membrane changes, its structure and color change.
In addition to the above breeds, this disease in men is divided into two types according to the nature of the occurrence. It can be primary or secondary cystitis.
They are talking about the primary when the disease first appears, its appearance independent of any pathological process in the body. Secondary cystitis is the result of other diseases of the internal organs and bladder. Especially bladder injury, stone, organ tumor, foreign body invasion, etc. (cause of cystic origin), or prostatitis, spinal diseases and other diseases (cause of non-bladder origin . ) can cause it to appear.
A final classification of this pathology in men distinguishes three forms of pathology based on the affected area of the bladder. So if the neck of the organ is affected they talk about cervical cystitis, if the trigone is affected - they talk about thyroiditis, and when the wall of the organ is involved in the process - they talk about diffuse cystitis.
Types of Inflammatory Processes
Pathologies such as cystitis in men may develop in different situations. The most favorable process is catarrhosis, in which there is no change in the mucosa of the bladder, just hyperemia. Along with the course of phlegm-dampness, the disease is accompanied by the release of large amounts of pus in the urine, accompanied by hemorrhagic blood impurities (due to damage to the bladder mucosa).
In addition, there are the following forms of disease:
- cystic;
- gangrene;
- Ulcerative.
There are also rare types of this pathology in medical practice, eg, cystitis with purpura, etc.
The main symptoms
Cystitis has certain symptomological features that are difficult to confuse with symptoms of other diseases. In particular, patients complained of painful and frequent urination, after which the urge to urinate again did not stop. There is also a burning sensation in the urethra, impurities of pus or blood in the urine, and changes in the color and smell of the urine.
In most cases, common symptoms of cystitis in men are also present, such as high body temperature, weakness, fatigue, muscle and joint pain, pain in the groin, scrotum and penis, and the suprapubic area.
For the diagnosis of pathology, the presence of signs of disease is not enough - often, the patient is also shown studies such as general blood and urine tests, urine cultures of the microbiome, and PCR tests.
Renal ultrasonography, cystoscopy, and cystography are also shown.
treat
If we talk about the treatment of cystitis in men, then it depends on the form of the disease. Only a urologist should treat this pathology - self-treatment can lead to the development of complications. Acute cystitis is treated with one regimen and chronic cystitis is treated with another regimen. In acute cases, the patient requires bed rest, plenty of warm water, and some medications. Painkillers and antispasmodics, in particular, can relieve pain symptoms, and antibacterials can destroy infections.
Diet is important - it is necessary to exclude spices and seasonings from the diet, alcohol, bacon and sauerkraut. A good effect is the use of alternative medicine methods - using herbal decoctions with antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties.
Usually, the treatment of cystitis in men does not cause difficulties, and if the pathology occurs for the first time, 100% of cases recover as long as the patient follows all the recommendations of the doctor.
The medication he is prescribed for chronic cystitis in men will be similar, but supplemented with physical therapy and some medical procedures. In particular, use antibacterial drugs, drugs to relieve spasticity and inflammation of organs, and drugs to treat the underlying cause of the disease.
Physical therapy methods to treat this pathology include:
- mud application;
- UHF;
- Iontophoresis.
In addition, the use of nitrofurazone and silver nitrate solution to clean the bladder in a medical facility was demonstrated.
If the patient has gangrenous cystitis, the affected mucosal area will need to be surgically removed, followed by antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Serious complications can occur if the disease is not treated. For example, the development of gangrenous forms, acute urinary retention, the formation of fistulas, etc. If you treat acute cystitis properly, you can get rid of the disease completely. Chronic, with proper treatment, can become inactive and have no symptoms for long periods of time.